Background
Kenya and Uganda are two countries in East Africa that grapple with jigger infestations. While it may seem that an affliction that affects an estimated four percent of the population is just an inconvenience but, in actuality, jigger infestations have hampered both countries’ attempts to achieve their GNP goals. Per capita social economic losses attributable to the disease have not been computed, but according to S.K. Ruttoh, et al., (1) who studied the problem in 2010, they are considerable.
Morbidity
The most at-risk population cohorts are children ages 5 to 14 years, the elderly, and physically and mentally disabled persons as the path of entry for the parasites is through openings in the skin. Infestations cause serious parasitic infections, mainly affecting the feet, but also fingers, knees, and elbows. Eventually, it becomes impossible for the hapless victims to use their limbs and fingers, causing serious difficulty in walking, until they are unable to attend school or work. This leaves the victim and his/her family unable to feed and/or care for themselves. Add to this the school hours lost, decreased agricultural productivity and loss of social capital due to stigma associated with the disease, all hamper economic development.
Problem Statement
Jigger infestations have negative impacts on the economy, as well as to the individual, the family, and the community. Absenteeism, school dropouts, decreased productivity and a decline in community health all have long-term results.
In addition, the traditional way of sharing sharp pins to remove the jiggers has also created an increased incidence of HIV/AIDS transmission. (The associated stigma that results from this complication leads to poor quality of life, loss of motivation and the isolation of the victims.)
This, complicated by the general low level of education and the limited access to information by rural populations to teach them how to prevent and/or treat jiggers infestations, has contributed to the problem, and prevented the adoption of simple remedies including: reducing parasite-carrying dust by simply (1) sealing cracks and crevices in their earthen dwellings to limit dust entry, (2) rendering the walls and floors smooth in order to make it easier to keep surfaces clean and ….WHAT ELSE?